navigation (navbar) 導航條或叫導覽列
準備一範例
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags --> <title>bootstrap hello world</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <style> p { height: 100vh; } .p1 { background-color: #b6ff00; } .p2 { background-color: #0094ff; } .p3 { background-color: #ffd800; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label>When the label's width less 768px then that will be hide</label> </div> </div> </nav> <p class="p1">1</p> <p class="p2">2</p> <p class="p3">3</p> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>
一些相關class效果說明如下
一、.navbar-default
主要對background-color上「淡」色而已，
若不指定navbar-default樣式，則底色為透明。
二、.navbar-inverse
主要對background-color上「深」色而已，
若不指定navbar-inverse樣式，則底色為透明。
三、.navbar-fixed-top
加在navbar-default的後面，如下
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation"> </nav>
其特性為不管滑鼠怎麼捲動，navigation bar 將一直固定在視窗上。
官方建議將body作
body { padding-top: 50px; }
以免body內容被遮到。
四、.navbar-fixed-bottom
加在navbar-default的後面，如下
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-bottom" role="navigation"> </nav>
其效果就是navbar-fixed-top的相反，
其特性為不管滑鼠怎麼捲動，navigation bar 將一直固定在視窗下。
五、.navbar-static-top
加在navbar-default的後面，如下
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation"> </nav>
其為navbar的預設樣式，當捲動滑鼠時，navigation bar 將跟著往上捲，
就算不特別指定navbar-static-top，其預設效果就是navbar-static-top。
六、.navbar-header、navbar-brand、navbar-toggle
navbar-header表示為navigation bar縮起來的範圍，
如上範例，navbar-header裡面有兩元素，<botton>與<a>，
如果 a 元素要作為brand時，class屬性就加上navbar-brand，
botton要作為選單圖示時，則class屬性就加上navbar-toggle，如下
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button>
「data-toggle="collapse"」是固定要加的，而data-target屬性的指定為對哪一個元素做toggle特效。
當標上.navbar-brand或.navbar-toggle樣式時，兩元素可不分順序。
七、.navbar-collapse
當決定哪一個元素要被做toggle特效時，則固定加上「collapse navbar-collapse」樣式，如下
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label>When the label's width less 768px then that will be hide</label> </div>
八、.navbar-form
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags --> <title>bootstrap hello world</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <style> p { height: 100vh; } .p1 { background-color: #b6ff00; } .p2 { background-color: #0094ff; } .p3 { background-color: #ffd800; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> <form class="navbar-form" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label>When the label's width less 768px then that will be hide</label> </div> </div> </nav> <p class="p1">1</p> <p class="p2">2</p> <p class="p3">3</p> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>
如果要在navigation bar裡使用表單的話，請加上navbar-form樣式，
整體看起來會比較正常。
九、.navbar-left、.navbar-right
承上，在表單裡還可加上navbar-left樣式，讓表單裡的元素皆靠左
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form>
效果如下圖
而navbar-right樣式則為靠右。
十、.pull-left、.pull-right
承上，在表單裡加上pull-left樣式，讓表單裡的元素皆靠左，
特性跟navbar-left一樣，只是樣式不太一樣而已。
<form class="navbar-form pull-left" role="search"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form>
效果如下圖
而pull-right樣式則為靠右。
十一、.navbar-text
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags --> <title>bootstrap hello world</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <style> p { height: 100vh; } .p1 { background-color: #b6ff00; } .p2 { background-color: #0094ff; } .p3 { background-color: #ffd800; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label class="navbar-text">When the label's width less 768px then that will be hide</label> </div> </div> </nav> <p class="p1">1</p> <p class="p2">2</p> <p class="p3">3</p> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>
承原範例，你有沒有覺得label元素裡面的字很不搭嘎，
請使用 navbar-text 樣式，讓字看起來和協一點，如下圖
navbar-text 樣式不限應用於label元素，p元素也可以。
十二、.navbar-link
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags --> <title>bootstrap hello world</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <style> p { height: 100vh; } .p1 { background-color: #b6ff00; } .p2 { background-color: #0094ff; } .p3 { background-color: #ffd800; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label class="navbar-text navbar-right">Signed in as <a href="#" class="navbar-link">Mark Otto</a></label> </div> </div> </nav> <p class="p1">1</p> <p class="p2">2</p> <p class="p3">3</p> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>
特性跟navbar-text一樣，navbar-link用途就是讓a元素的字看起來和協一點，如下圖
十三、.navbar-btn
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags --> <title>bootstrap hello world</title> <!-- Bootstrap --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous"> <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries --> <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// --> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <style> p { height: 100vh; } .p1 { background-color: #b6ff00; } .p2 { background-color: #0094ff; } .p3 { background-color: #ffd800; } </style> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default navbar-btn">Sign in</button> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <label class="navbar-text navbar-right">Signed in as <a href="#" class="navbar-link">Mark Otto</a></label> </div> </div> </nav> <p class="p1">1</p> <p class="p2">2</p> <p class="p3">3</p> <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) --> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed --> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </body> </html>
這是在navigation bar裡使用botton時，的botton專屬樣式，
原因無他，就是讓整體看起來更好看而已。
